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Many of these functions, such as love of offspring and memory for locations, humans share with animals some functions, including wit, poetry, and religion, are uniquely human.” “Gall would ultimately settle on 27 distinct higher functions or faculties of mind. Harry Whitaker write in a paper discussing the origin and development of Gall’s ideas: In his view, this was true of both animals and humans, though he believed that humans had more and more varied mental and emotional capacities.Īs psychologists Dr. Gall believed not only that the shape of the skull held clues as to someone’s “predispositions” but also that each area of the brain was linked to a different characteristic. He wrote of “the possibility of distinguishing some of the dispositions and propensities by the shape of the head and skull.” It was Gall, however, who suggested the basis for this science. Gall did not refer to this science as “phrenology.” That term came into use later, in the early 1800s, when British physician T. In this Curiosities of Medical History feature, we look at what believers of phrenology argued, why this pseudoscience was particularly problematic, and some of the ways in which it actually contributed to the development of neuroscience. Phrenology evolved and took on a life of its own throughout the 18th and 19th century, until its eventual decline at the turn of the century. He believed that the shape of a person’s brain held clues as to their personality and that it would also influence the shape of their skull. The person who first popularized this notion was physician Franz Joseph Gall (1758–1828). This science, which has been long since discredited, held that an experienced phrenologist would be able to tell what a person’s psychological inclinations and personality traits were just by feeling the shape of their skull. In the 18th century, a new “science” started to amass interest in Europe: phrenology. Share on Pinterest This is an illustration of a phrenological chart showing which areas of the brain allegedly corresponded to which mental attributes.